{"id":493,"date":"2025-05-17T18:20:30","date_gmt":"2025-05-17T16:20:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/?p=493"},"modified":"2025-05-19T23:45:50","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T21:45:50","slug":"dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un LLM (Large Language Model) ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un <strong>LLM<\/strong> est un <strong>mod\u00e8le de langage<\/strong> de grande taille, entra\u00een\u00e9 sur d\u2019immenses volumes de texte pour pr\u00e9dire la probabilit\u00e9 des mots dans une s\u00e9quence. Ces mod\u00e8les, comme ceux de la famille <strong>GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer)<\/strong>, peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9rer, traduire, r\u00e9sumer ou compl\u00e9ter du texte avec un haut degr\u00e9 de fluidit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemples de LLM :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GPT-3.5, GPT-4 (OpenAI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Claude (Anthropic)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gemini (Google)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LLaMA (Meta)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Qu\u2019est-ce que ChatGPT ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ChatGPT<\/strong> est une application bas\u00e9e sur un LLM d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par <strong>OpenAI<\/strong>. Elle permet d\u2019interagir avec un mod\u00e8le de langage de mani\u00e8re conversationnelle. ChatGPT peut :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>R\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aider \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9crire du code<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traduire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00e9sumer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cr\u00e9er des contenus cr\u00e9atifs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ChatGPT est aliment\u00e9 par des mod\u00e8les <strong>GPT<\/strong>, comme GPT-3.5 ou GPT-4, en fonction de la version utilis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT--683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT--683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT--200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT--768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT--440x660.png 440w, https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT--320x480.png 320w, https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Comment fonctionne un LLM ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un LLM fonctionne via deux \u00e9tapes principales :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">a) <strong>Pr\u00e9-entra\u00eenement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il lit des milliards de phrases tir\u00e9es d\u2019Internet (livres, forums, articles).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il apprend \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire le mot suivant dans une phrase donn\u00e9e, ex. :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Entr\u00e9e : \u201cLe chat est sur le\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00e9diction : \u201ctoit\u201d avec une certaine <strong>probabilit\u00e9<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">b) <strong>Fine-tuning (ajustement)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le mod\u00e8le est affin\u00e9 pour am\u00e9liorer son comportement (via des humains ou du renforcement).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Le mod\u00e8le comprend-il les questions ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Non, <strong>ChatGPT ne comprend pas<\/strong> au sens humain. Il ne poss\u00e8de ni conscience, ni intentions. Il <strong>calcule la meilleure r\u00e9ponse possible<\/strong> bas\u00e9e sur des mod\u00e8les statistiques de langage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il simule une <strong>compr\u00e9hension<\/strong> en identifiant des structures connues et en y r\u00e9pondant de mani\u00e8re coh\u00e9rente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Comment fonctionne la probabilit\u00e9 dans un LLM ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque mot g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par ChatGPT est s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 selon une <strong>probabilit\u00e9 conditionnelle<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemple : \u00ab Le ciel est bleu \u00bb \u2192 Le mot \u00ab bleu \u00bb a une probabilit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que \u00ab vert \u00bb ou \u00ab rapide \u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le utilise une fonction <strong>softmax<\/strong> pour convertir les scores en probabilit\u00e9s. Ensuite, il <strong>\u00e9chantillonne<\/strong> ou <strong>choisit<\/strong> le mot le plus probable (ou un mot al\u00e9atoire dans le top-k).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une hallucination ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Une <strong>hallucination<\/strong> survient quand le mod\u00e8le g\u00e9n\u00e8re une <strong>r\u00e9ponse fausse mais plausible<\/strong>.<br>Exemples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00ab Napol\u00e9on a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident de la France. \u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00ab Le c\u0153ur a 4 poumons. \u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les hallucinations arrivent car le mod\u00e8le <strong>improvise<\/strong> des r\u00e9ponses en fonction de motifs de texte, m\u00eame s\u2019il n\u2019a pas de m\u00e9canisme de v\u00e9rification factuelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un prompt ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un <strong>prompt<\/strong> est l\u2019instruction donn\u00e9e \u00e0 ChatGPT.<br>Exemples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Simple : \u00ab\u00a0R\u00e9sume ce texte en 100 mots.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Complexe : \u00ab\u00a0Agis comme un expert en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et cr\u00e9e un plan de protection pour une PME.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un bon prompt est :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pr\u00e9cis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Structur\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contextualis\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Directif<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Comment bien configurer un prompt ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour maximiser la qualit\u00e9 d\u2019un prompt :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud83c\udfaf <strong>D\u00e9finir un r\u00f4le<\/strong> : \u00ab\u00a0Tu es professeur d\u2019histoire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud83e\udde9 <strong>Donner un contexte<\/strong> : \u00ab\u00a0Ce devoir porte sur la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud83d\udccf <strong>Sp\u00e9cifier le format<\/strong> : \u00ab\u00a0Fais un tableau avec 3 colonnes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u23f1\ufe0f <strong>Limiter la longueur<\/strong> : \u00ab\u00a0Fais une r\u00e9ponse de 10 lignes maximum.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud83d\udd01 <strong>Anticiper les it\u00e9rations<\/strong> : demander une premi\u00e8re version puis am\u00e9liorer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prompt efficace :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAgis comme un conseiller marketing. Tu dois cr\u00e9er une strat\u00e9gie digitale en 5 \u00e9tapes pour une startup de livraison \u00e9thique. Sois concis et donne des exemples.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Que sont les GPT (Generative Pretrained Transformers) ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <strong>GPT<\/strong> sont des mod\u00e8les d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par <strong>OpenAI<\/strong>, fond\u00e9s sur l\u2019architecture <strong>Transformer<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9volution :<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Version<\/th><th>Ann\u00e9e<\/th><th>Capacit\u00e9 approximative<\/th><th>Nouveaut\u00e9s<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GPT-1<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>117M param\u00e8tres<\/td><td>Prototype<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GPT-2<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>1,5B<\/td><td>Texte long et fluide<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GPT-3<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>175B<\/td><td>API publique<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GPT-3.5<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>Am\u00e9lior\u00e9 pour ChatGPT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GPT-4<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Multimodal, plugins<\/td><td>Raisonnement plus fiable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GPT-4o<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Temps r\u00e9el, voix, vision<\/td><td>R\u00e9ponse fluide<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Limites actuelles des LLM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u26a0\ufe0f Pas de compr\u00e9hension r\u00e9elle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud83d\udd10 Sensibles aux prompts biais\u00e9s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud83e\udde0 Pas de m\u00e9moire de long terme native<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud83d\udcac Peut donner des r\u00e9ponses contradictoires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Utilisations concr\u00e8tes de ChatGPT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2705 R\u00e9daction d\u2019e-mails, rapports, scripts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Traduction instantan\u00e9e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Aide au codage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Simulation de conversation client<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 R\u00e9sum\u00e9s de documents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Ressources pour aller plus loin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Documentation OpenAI : <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/platform.openai.com\/docs\">https:\/\/platform.openai.com\/docs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tutoriels Prompting : <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/learnprompting.org\">https:\/\/learnprompting.org<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ChatGPT dans l\u2019enseignement : <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/teachingwithai.openai.com\">https:\/\/teachingwithai.openai.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un LLM (Large Language Model) ? Un LLM est un mod\u00e8le de langage de grande taille, entra\u00een\u00e9 sur d\u2019immenses volumes de texte pour pr\u00e9dire la probabilit\u00e9 des mots dans une s\u00e9quence. Ces mod\u00e8les, comme ceux de la famille GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9rer, traduire, r\u00e9sumer ou compl\u00e9ter du texte avec un haut&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":495,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comprendre-lia","tag-guides","article","has-background",false,"dark-theme-","has-excerpt","has-avatar","has-author","has-nickname","has-date","has-comment-count","has-category-meta","has-read-more","has-title","has-post-media","thumbnail-","has-tfm-share-icons"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM - Pens\u00e9e Artificielle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez comment fonctionne ChatGPT, ce qu\u2019est un LLM, les principes de probabilit\u00e9, les hallucinations, et les bonnes pratiques\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM - Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez comment fonctionne ChatGPT, ce qu\u2019est un LLM, les principes de probabilit\u00e9, les hallucinations, et les bonnes pratiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-17T16:20:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-19T21:45:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/67c670c96d79ff073bc25a5b87a9334c\"},\"headline\":\"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-17T16:20:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-19T21:45:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/\"},\"wordCount\":721,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Guides\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\ud83e\udde0 Comprendre l\u2019IA\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/\",\"name\":\"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM - Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-17T16:20:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-19T21:45:50+00:00\",\"description\":\"D\u00e9couvrez comment fonctionne ChatGPT, ce qu\u2019est un LLM, les principes de probabilit\u00e9, les hallucinations, et les bonnes pratiques\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1024},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/\",\"name\":\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\",\"description\":\"Explorer l\u2019intelligence d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui et de demain\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logo-ia.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logo-ia.png\",\"width\":135,\"height\":54,\"caption\":\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/67c670c96d79ff073bc25a5b87a9334c\",\"name\":\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4d15a24ea147a40d4227ab462205d1000f129d5a24c134ddc86755789e872b08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4d15a24ea147a40d4227ab462205d1000f129d5a24c134ddc86755789e872b08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/author\/explorer-lintelligence-daujourdhui-et-de-demain\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM - Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","description":"D\u00e9couvrez comment fonctionne ChatGPT, ce qu\u2019est un LLM, les principes de probabilit\u00e9, les hallucinations, et les bonnes pratiques","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM - Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","og_description":"D\u00e9couvrez comment fonctionne ChatGPT, ce qu\u2019est un LLM, les principes de probabilit\u00e9, les hallucinations, et les bonnes pratiques","og_url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/","og_site_name":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","article_published_time":"2025-05-17T16:20:30+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-05-19T21:45:50+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/"},"author":{"name":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/67c670c96d79ff073bc25a5b87a9334c"},"headline":"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM","datePublished":"2025-05-17T16:20:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-19T21:45:50+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/"},"wordCount":721,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png","keywords":["Guides"],"articleSection":["\ud83e\udde0 Comprendre l\u2019IA"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/","url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/","name":"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM - Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png","datePublished":"2025-05-17T16:20:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-19T21:45:50+00:00","description":"D\u00e9couvrez comment fonctionne ChatGPT, ce qu\u2019est un LLM, les principes de probabilit\u00e9, les hallucinations, et les bonnes pratiques","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Pensee-artifielle-Dossier-ChatGPT-2.png","width":1024,"height":1024},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/17\/dossier-comprendre-chatgpt-et-les-modeles-llm\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\ud83d\udcd8 Dossier : Comprendre ChatGPT et les mod\u00e8les LLM"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/","name":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","description":"Explorer l\u2019intelligence d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui et de demain","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#organization","name":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logo-ia.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/logo-ia.png","width":135,"height":54,"caption":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/67c670c96d79ff073bc25a5b87a9334c","name":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4d15a24ea147a40d4227ab462205d1000f129d5a24c134ddc86755789e872b08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4d15a24ea147a40d4227ab462205d1000f129d5a24c134ddc86755789e872b08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Pens\u00e9e Artificielle"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pensee-ia.com"],"url":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/author\/explorer-lintelligence-daujourdhui-et-de-demain\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=493"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":496,"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/493\/revisions\/496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pensee-ia.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}